Ahn J, Kang W. Silastic catheters in infants. J Pediatr Surg. 22: 345-349. 1,989.

Alfierid G., Wing C. Securing Broviac catheters in children. J Pediatr Surg 22:825-826. 1,987.

Anderson MA, Aker SN, Hickman RO. The double-lumen Hickman catheter. Am J Nurs. 1982 Feb;82(2):272-3.

Armstrong C., Mayhall C. Miller G., et al. Prospective study of catheter replacement and others risk factors for infection of hyperalimentation catheter. J Infect Dis 154:808. 1,986.

Bancewicz J, Brown R, Gross E, Milewski PJ, Tresadern J. Percutaneous central venous cannulation. Br Med J. 1980 Sep 27;281(6244):871-2.

Breaux C., Duke D., Georgeson K.. et al. Calcium phospate crystal oclusion of central venous catheters used for total parenteral nutrition in infanys and children: prevention and treatment. J Pediatr Surg 22:829-832. 1,987.

Broviac JW, Cole JJ, Scribner BH. A silicone rubber atrial catheter for prolonged parenteral alimentation. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1973 Apr;136(4):602-6.

Cobb L., Vincour C., Wagner W., et al. The central venous anatomy in infants. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 154:394.399. 1,982.

Dash S. Sepsis rate and mechanical complications of triple lumen catheters.Nutr. Supp.Serv. 8:20. 1,988.

Donahoe P., Kim S. : The inferior epigastric vein as an alternative site for central venous hiperalimantation. L Pediatr Surg. 15:737-738. 1,980.

Dudrick SJ, Wilmore DW, Vars HM, Rhoads JE. Long-term total parenteral nutrition with growth, development, and positive nitrogen balance. 1968. Nutr Hosp. 2001 Nov-Dec;16(6):287-92; discussion 286-7.

Dudrick SJ, Wilmore DW, Vars HM, Rhoads JE. Long-term total parenteral nutrition with growth, development, and positive nitrogen balance. Surgery. 1968 Jul;64(1):134-42.

Duran B. The effects of long-term total parenteral nutrition on gut mucosal immunity in children with short bowel syndrome: a systematic review. BMC Nurs. 2005 Feb 1;4(1):2.

Durand M., Romanthan R., Martinelli B., et al. Prospective evaluation of percutaneous central venous catheters in newborn infants with birth weights of 510 to 3,920 gms. Pediatrics. 78:245-251. 1,986.

Duval A. The multi-lumen catheter- A new concept in infusion therapy. Nutr. Supp. Serv. 4(2):22. 1,984.

Eichelberger MR, Rous PG, Hoelzer DJ, Garcia VF, Koop CE. Percutaneous subclavian venous catheters in neonates and children. J Pediatr Surg. 1981 Aug;16(4 Suppl 1):547-53.

Engels L. Home parenteral nutrition via arteriovenous fistulae.J Parenter Enter. Nutr. 7: 412-414. 1,983.

Faubion W., Bollish J., Wesley j. Central venous catheter occlusion treated by thrombolytic agents. Nutr Support Services. 3:24-26. 1,983.

Faubion W., Wesley R., Khalidi N., et al. Total parenteral nutrition catheter sepsis: Impact of the team approach. J Parenter Enter Nutr 10: 642-645. 1,986.

Filler RM, Eraklis AJ, Rubin VG, Das JB. Long-term total parenteral nutrition in infants. N Engl J Med. 1969 Sep 11;281(11):589-94.

Filston HC, Johnson DG. Percutaneous venous cannulation in neonates and infants: a method for catheter insertion without "cut-down". Pediatrics. 1971 Dec;48(6):896-901.

Filstone H., Johnson D. Percutaneous venous cannulation in neonates and infants: A method for catheter insertation without “cut-down”. Pediatrics. 48:896. 1,971.

Flynn P. Shenep J., Stokes D. In situ management of confirmerd central venous catheter-related bacteremia. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 6: 729- 734. 1,987.

Ford E., Kitagawa H., Atkinson J. Vascula acces in the neonate following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Pediatr Surg. 25:594-595. 1,990.

Funkalsrud E. W., Ament M. Berquist W., et al. Oclusion of the vena cava infants receiven central venous hiperalimentation. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 154:189-192. 1,982.

Gauderer M. Vascular access techniques and devices in the pediatric patient. Surg Clin N Amer. 72:1,267-1,284. 1,992.

Gauderer MW, Stellato TA. Subclavian Broviac catheters in children--technical considerations in 146 consecutive placements. J Pediatr Surg. 1985 Aug;20(4):402-5.

Gauderer MW, Stellato TA, Izant RJ Jr. Broviac silastic catheter insertion in children: a simplified direct subclavian approach. J Pediatr Surg. 1982 Oct;17(5):580-4.

Giacoia G. Cardiac tamponade and hydrotorax as complication of central venous parenteral nutrition in infants. J Parenter Enter Nutr. 15 :110-113. 1,991.

Gilhooly J., Linderberg J., Reynolds J. Central venous silicone elastomer catheter placement by basilic vein cutdown in neonates. Pediatrics 78:636-639. 1,986.

Gorelick MH, Owen WC, Seibel NL, Reaman GH. Lack of association between neutropenia and the incidence of bacteremia associated with indwelling central venous catheters in febrile pediatric cancer patients. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1991 Jul;10(7):506-10.

Gorelick M., Owen W., Seibel N., et al . Lack of association between neutropenia and incidence of bacteremia associated with indwelling central venous catheters in febrile pediatric patients cateters. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 10: 506-510. 1,991.

Goutail-Flau M., Sfez M., Berg A., et al. Central venous catheter-related complications in newborn and infants: a 587 case survey. J Pediatric Surg. 26:645-650, 1,991.

Grisioni E., Mehta S., Connors A. Thrombosis and infection complicating central venous catheterization in neonates. J Pediatr Surg 21:772-776. 1,986.

Hancock ME, Ware R, Richardson P, Roberts VC, Cotton LT. Percutaneous central venous cannulation. Br Med J. 1980 Sep 13;281(6242):747.

Hickman R.D., Buckner C.D., Clift R.A., et al. A Modified Right Atrial Catheter for Acces to the Venous System in Marrow Transplant Recipients. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 148: 871-875. 1,979.

Hiemenz J, Skelton J, Pizzo PA. Perspective on the management of catheter-related infections in cancer patients. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1986 Jan-Feb;5(1):6-11.

Hoffman M.A., Langer J.C., Peart R.H., et al. Central venous catheter-No X ray needed: A prospective study in 50 consecutives infants and children. J Pediatr Surg 23:1,201-1,204. 1,988.

Holmes S., Kiely M., Spitz L. Vascular access. J Pediatr Surg 22:133-139. 1,989.

Hoshal V. et al. Fibrin sleeve formation on indwelling subclavian central venous catheters. Arch.Surg. 102: 353-355. 1,961.

Johnson EM, Saltzman DA, Suh G, Dahms RA, Leonard AS. Complications and risks of central venous catheter placement in children. Surgery. 1998 Nov;124(5):911-6.

King D., Hoffman L., Margaret E., Pease G. Broviac catheter sepsis: The natural history of an iatrogenic infection. J Pediatr Surg. 20:728-733. 1,985.

Krasna I., Krause T. Life threatening fluid extravasation of central venous catheters. J Pediatr Surg 26:1,346-1,348. 1,991.

Lacey S., Zaritsky A., Azizkhan R. Succesful treatment of Candida infected caval thrombosis in critically ill children by low dose streptokinasa infusion. J Pediatr Surg. 23:1,204-1,209. 1,988.

Lally K., Brennan P., Sherman N., et al. Use of subclavian venous catheter for short and long term hemodialysis in children. J Pediatr Surg. 22:603-605. 1,987.

Lally K., Hardin W., Boetcher M. Broviac catheter insertion : Operating room or neonatal intensive care unit. J Pediatr Surg. 22: 823-824. 1,987.

Lefrack E., Noon G. Managment of arterial injury secondary to attempted subclavian vein catheterization. Ann Thorac Surg 14:294. 1,972.

Lein B., Vinocour Ch., Reyes C. Simple technique for the determination of the correct length of percutaneous tunnelled catheters in neonates and children. J Pediatr Surg. 28:162-163. 1,993.

Lockhart R., Hamilton G., Fyfe F. Anatomia Humana. Editorial Interamericana. México. 1,965.

Malt RA, Kempster M. Direct azygos vein and superior vena cava cannulation for parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1983 Nov-Dec;7(6):580-1.

Marsh JL, King W, Barrett C, Fonkalsrud EW. Serious complications after umbilical artery catheterization for neonatal monitoring. Arch Surg. 1975 Oct;110(10):1203-8.

Metz RI, Lucking SE, Chaten FC, Williams TM, Mickell JJ. Percutaneous catheterization of the axillary vein in infants and children. Pediatrics. 1990 Apr;85(4):531-3.

Mora, R. Nutrición parenteral. En soporte nutricional especial. Mora R. (de) Panamericana. Bogotá. 1,992. 125-144.7.

Morro J., Rao B., Kumar R. A Comparison of placement techniques and complications of externalizaded catheters and implantable ports use in children with ccncer. J Pediatr Surg. 25: 120-123. 1,990.

Najmaldin A., Wheeler J., Grikkith D. A posterior tunnel for the jugular venous catheter in newborn. J Pediatr Surg. 28:164-165. 93.

Newman B., Jewett C., Karp M., et al. Percutaneous central venous catheterization in children: First line choice for venous access. J Pediatr Surg. 21:685-688. 1,986.

Newman BM, Jewett TC Jr, Karp MP, Cooney DR. Percutaneous central venous catheterization in children: first line choice for venous access. J Pediatr Surg. 1986 Aug;21(8):685-8.

Newman B., Cooney D., Karp M., et al. The intercostal vein: an alternative route for central venous alimentation. J Pediatr Surg. 18:732-733. 1,983.

Niederhuber JE, Ensminger W, Gyves JW, Liepman M, Doan K, Cozzi E. Totally implanted venous and arterial access system to replace external catheters in cancer treatment. Surgery. 1982 Oct;92(4):706-12.

Olson T., Fischer G., Lupo M. Antimicrobial therapy of Broviac catheter Infections in pediatric hematology oncology patients. J Pediatr Surg. 22:839-842.1,987.

Peters JL, Kenning BR, Garrett CP, Kurzer M. Percutaneous central venous cannulation. Br Med J. 1980 Aug 30;281(6240):618.

Puntis JW, Holden CE, Smallman S, Finkel Y, George RH, Booth IW. Staff training: a key factor in reducing intravascular catheter sepsis. Arch Dis Child. 1991 Mar;66(3):335-7.

Raad II, Luna M, Khalil SA, Costerton JW, Lam C, Bodey GP. The relationship between the thrombotic and infectious complications of central venous catheters. JAMA. 1994 Apr 6;271(13):1014-6.

Roberts J.P., Glow I.J. Central venous catheters in surgical neonates. J peditr Surg. 25:632-634. 1,990.

Robertson L., Jaques P., Mauro M., et al. Percutaneous inferior vena cava placement of tunneled Silastic catheter for prolonged vascular access in infants. J Pediatr Surg. 25:596-598. 1,990.

Rosen M, Latto IP, Ng WS. Percutaneous central venous cannulation. Br Med J. 1980 Aug 2;281(6236):372-5.

Ross MN, Haase GM, Poole MA, Burrington JD, Odom LF. Comparison of totally implanted reservoirs with external catheters as venous access devices in pediatric oncologic patients. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1988 Aug;167(2):141-4.

Ross P., Ehrenkranz R., Kleinman C., et al. Thrombus associated with central venous catheters in infants and children. J Pediatr Surg. 24:253-256. 1,989.

Ross P., Seashoe J. Bilateral hydrotorax complicating central venous catheterization in a child: Case report. J Pediatr Surg. 24:263.1,989.

Shulman R., Pokorny W., Martin C. Comparison of percutaneus and surgical placement of central venous catheter in neonates. J.Pediatr.Surg. 21:348-350. 1,986.

Snyder RH, Archer FJ, Endy T, Allen TW, Condon B, Kaiser J, Whatmore D, Harrington G, McDermott CJ. Catheter infection. A comparison of two catheter maintenance techniques. Ann Surg. 1988 Nov;208(5):651-3.

Soucy P. Experiences with the use of the Port-a-Cath in Children. J.Pediat.Surg.22:767-769.1,987.

Stewart R., Semiswlow J. Silastic intravenous. N Engl J Med. 265:1,283-1,285. 1,996.

Statter M. Peripheral and Central Venous Access. Sem. Pediatr. Surg. 3:181-187. 1,992.

Stine K., Friedman J., Kurtzberg J. Pulmonary septic emboly mimicking metastatic rhabdomiosarcoma. J Pediatr Surg. 24:491-495. 1,989.

Stone M. Surgical aspects of neonatal intensive care. En Surgery of the newborn. Freeman N., Burge D., Griffiths D (de). Churchill Livingstone. pp 33-41. 1,994.

Stroke D., Rao B., Mirro J. Early detection and simplified managment of obstructed Hickman and Broviack catheters. J Pediatr Surg. 24:257-262.1,989.

Turner C. Acceso Vascular. En Cirugía Pediatrica. Ashcraft K. Holder T. (de) McGraw Hill. Mëxico. pp 997-1002. 1,993.

Wallace J., Zeltzer P., Benefits complications and care of implantable infusion devices in 31 children with cancer. J Pediatr Surg 22:833-838. 1,987.

Wang E. Prober C., Ford Jones L., et al. The new management of central Intravenous catheter Infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 3:110-113. 1,984.

Warner B., Gorgone P., Shilling S. Multiple purpose central venous acces in infants less than 1,000 gr. J Pediatr Surg. 22:820-822. 1,987.

Warner J., Atkinson W. Central venous catheters for children with malignant disease: Surgical Issues. J Pediatr Surg. 22: 702-704. 1,987.

Weber T.R., West K.W., Grosfeld J.W., Broviac Central Venous Catheterization in Infants and Children. Am. J. Surg. 145:202-204. 1,983.

Wesley J. Permanent central venous access devices. Sem Pediatr Surg 3:188-201. 1,992.

Wiener E. Catheter sepsis: The central venous line Achille´s heel. Sem Pediatr Surg 4:207-214. 1,995.

Wimmer J. Reanimación neonatal. Pediatr Rev. 15: 243-253. 1,994.

Sugerman H., Newsome H. Complications of nutritional support. In: Complications in Surgery and Trauma. Greenfield L. (de) J.B. Lippincott Company. Philadelphia. 1,990. pp 203-215.

Wesley J., Khalidi N., Faubion W., et al. The University of Michigan Medical Center: Parenteral and enteral Nutrition Managment (de6). North Chicago, Il, Abbott Laboratories. Hospital Products Division. 1,990.